PELUSIUM (πήλος, mud), a frontier city of Lower
Egypt, situated on the easternmost bank of the Nile, called
the Ostium Pelusiacum, between the marshes of the delta
and the sea. Its original distance from the Mediterranean
was about 2½ miles ; but, by the gradual deposition of sand
along the coast-line, it is now more than double that dis-
tance inland. It was the Sin of the Hebrews (Ezek. xxx.
15), and the Peremoun or Peromi of the Copts--epithets all
agreeing in origin with the Greek designation, and) with the
modern name Tineh, as “the city of ooze or mud.” It
was celebrated in the time of Pliny for its flax (Linum
Pelusiacum), but its situation as the key of Egypt has gained
for it a yet more noisy fame. Sennacherib and his Assy-
rians had their bow-strings and shield-straps gnawed in
sunder by field-mice while they slept under its walls (B.C.
720—715); Cambyses', the Medo-Persian, won the crown of
the Pharaohs near Pelusium, B.C. 525 ; the Persians re-took
it, B.C. 456; it opened its gates to Alexander the Great,
B.C. 333 ; and it was taken and retained by Antiochus Epi-
phanes, B.C. 173, after routing the forces of Ptolemy Philo-
metor near its gates. The invasion of Egypt by Amrou
in 618 A.D., proved the ruin of Pelusium. After making it their
own, the khalifs neglected its harbours and its industry,
and the city gradually disappeared from history. Its site is
now marked by mounds and a few broken columns. (See
the works of Champollion and Dénon sur L’Egypte ; also,
Murray's Handbook for Egypt, by Sir Gardner Wilkinson.)
Egypt, situated on the easternmost bank of the Nile, called
the Ostium Pelusiacum, between the marshes of the delta
and the sea. Its original distance from the Mediterranean
was about 2½ miles ; but, by the gradual deposition of sand
along the coast-line, it is now more than double that dis-
tance inland. It was the Sin of the Hebrews (Ezek. xxx.
15), and the Peremoun or Peromi of the Copts--epithets all
agreeing in origin with the Greek designation, and) with the
modern name Tineh, as “the city of ooze or mud.” It
was celebrated in the time of Pliny for its flax (Linum
Pelusiacum), but its situation as the key of Egypt has gained
for it a yet more noisy fame. Sennacherib and his Assy-
rians had their bow-strings and shield-straps gnawed in
sunder by field-mice while they slept under its walls (B.C.
720—715); Cambyses', the Medo-Persian, won the crown of
the Pharaohs near Pelusium, B.C. 525 ; the Persians re-took
it, B.C. 456; it opened its gates to Alexander the Great,
B.C. 333 ; and it was taken and retained by Antiochus Epi-
phanes, B.C. 173, after routing the forces of Ptolemy Philo-
metor near its gates. The invasion of Egypt by Amrou
in 618 A.D., proved the ruin of Pelusium. After making it their
own, the khalifs neglected its harbours and its industry,
and the city gradually disappeared from history. Its site is
now marked by mounds and a few broken columns. (See
the works of Champollion and Dénon sur L’Egypte ; also,
Murray's Handbook for Egypt, by Sir Gardner Wilkinson.)
Source: The Encyclopaedia britannica، 8th ed.، Volume XVII, 1859
من نسخة أخرى من الموسوعة البريطانية طبعة 1895.
PELUSIUM, an ancient city of Egypt, at the mouth of
the most easterly (Pelusiac) branch of the Nile, was the
key of the land towards Syria and a strong fortress, which,
from the Persian invasion at least, played a great part in
all wars between Egypt and the East. It has not, however,
been satisfactorily identified with any place mentioned in
the hieroglyphic monuments, and the conjecture of Jerome,
who supposes it to be the Sin of Ezekiel xxx, 15, 16,
though admirably suited to the context and certainly
preferable to the Sais of the LXX., cannot be positively
established. Pelusium is the Faramá of the Arabs ; the
neighbouring place still called Tína is hardly to be identified
etymologically with Sin. The country about Pelusium was
noted for the production of flax ; the fame of the Pelusian
linen is, perhaps, still preserved in the word “blouse.”
The whole district has now relapsed into sand and marsh,
and the site has not yielded any important remains.
Source: The Encyclopaedia britannica، Volume XVIII, 1895
the most easterly (Pelusiac) branch of the Nile, was the
key of the land towards Syria and a strong fortress, which,
from the Persian invasion at least, played a great part in
all wars between Egypt and the East. It has not, however,
been satisfactorily identified with any place mentioned in
the hieroglyphic monuments, and the conjecture of Jerome,
who supposes it to be the Sin of Ezekiel xxx, 15, 16,
though admirably suited to the context and certainly
preferable to the Sais of the LXX., cannot be positively
established. Pelusium is the Faramá of the Arabs ; the
neighbouring place still called Tína is hardly to be identified
etymologically with Sin. The country about Pelusium was
noted for the production of flax ; the fame of the Pelusian
linen is, perhaps, still preserved in the word “blouse.”
The whole district has now relapsed into sand and marsh,
and the site has not yielded any important remains.
Source: The Encyclopaedia britannica، Volume XVIII, 1895
ترجمة غير حرفية بتصرف للنص الانجليزي بالأعلى
بلوزيام (Pelusium)، باليوناني Πηλούσιον (بلوسويان) من الكلمتين πηλός بالوس/بيلوس بمعنى طين أو وحل.
بالقبطي Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ أو Ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲙⲟⲩⲏ ("من كلمتي Ⲡⲉⲣ 'بر' وتعني منزل ، وⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛ وربما قصد بها أمون، أو كلمة ⲙⲟⲩⲛ "ماون" وتعني يستريح. لم استدل على معنى كلمة ⲉⲙⲟⲩⲏ")
مدينة قديمة في مصر، عند مصب الفرع البيلوزي للنيل (لأقصى الشرق)، كانت مفتاح الأرض باتجاه سوريا وقلعة قوية، حيث لعبت دورا كبيرا منذ الغزو الفارسي على الأقل في كل الحروب ما بين مصر والشرق. على الرغم من ذلك لم يتم التعرف عليها بشكل مرضي في المعالم الهيروغليفية، والافتراض الموجود في ترجمة جيروم للإنجيل ( 390-405 A.D.) بأنها هي مدينة السين في حزقيال الأصحاح 30 آيات 15 و 16 (النصوص التالية من ترجمات عربية للإنجيل ورقم أول آية رابط لمصدر النص).
15 وَأَصُبُّ غَضَبِي عَلَى سِينَ حِصْنِ مِصْرَ، وَأُبِيدُ أَهْلَ طِيبَةَ.
16 وَأُضْرِمُ نَاراً فِي مِصْرَ فَتُقَاسِي سِينُ أَشَدَّ الأَلَمِ، وَتَتَمَزَّقُ طِيبَةُ شَرَّ تَمْزِيقٍ، وَتَتَعَرَّضُ مَمْفِيسُ لِلرُّعْبِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ.
15 وَأَسْكُبُ غَضَبِي عَلَى سِينَ، حِصْنِ مِصْرَ، وَأَسْتَأْصِلُ جُمْهُورَ نُو.
16 وَأُضْرِمُ نَارًا فِي مِصْرَ. سِينُ تَتَوَجَّعُ تَوَجُّعًا، وَنُو تَكُونُ لِلتَّمْزِيقِ، وَلِنُوفَ ضِيقَاتٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
16 وَأُضْرِمُ نَارًا فِي مِصْرَ. سِينُ تَتَوَجَّعُ تَوَجُّعًا، وَنُو تَكُونُ لِلتَّمْزِيقِ، وَلِنُوفَ ضِيقَاتٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
15 وأصبُّ غضَبـي على سينَ، حِصنِ مِصْرَ، وأقطعُ جيوشَ نو. 16 وأُضرِمُ النَّارَ في مِصْرَ، فتـتوجَّعُ سينُ. وأهدُمُ أسوارَ تيـبةَ فتجتاحُها المياهُ.
وعلى الرغم من وجاهته و ملائمته للظروف أكثر من مدينة Sais (صا الحجر) في الترجمة السبعينية LXX**., ولكن لا نستطيع التأكد من هذا الافتراض بشكل كاف.
بلوزيام هي مدينة الفرما عند العرب، والمكان المجاور لها والذي لا يزال يطلق عليه اسم الطينة من الصعب ربطه لغويا بالسين. المكان حول بلوزيام مشهور بإنتاج الكتان، شهرة الكتان البليوزي ربما لا تزال محفوظة في كلمة "بلوزة". المنطقة الآن ملآنة بالرمل والأحراش، ولا توجد به بقايا أثرية مهمة.
ملاحظات من الترجمة بالأعلى:
* حاليا يطلق على المكان اسم بالوظة، وهو تحريف واضح لأصل الكلمة باليوناني بلوزيام.
** الترجمة السبعينية للعهد القديم ويرمز لها بالأرقام اللاتينية LXX.
** الترجمة السبعينية للعهد القديم ويرمز لها بالأرقام اللاتينية LXX.
لاحظ أن نسخة الموسوعة البريطانية عام 1859 (المذكورة بالأعلى مع صورة منها والنص) لا تذكر أصل كلمة بلوزة.
للمزيد حول مدينة بلوزيام طالع هنا من كتاب
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)William Smith, LLD, Ed.
قاموس أكسفورد لا يذكر أصل محدد لكلمة بلوزة ويحيل لمصادر أخرى (النص التالي مقتبس من القاموس مع إضافة روابط من ويكبيديا والويب للمصادر المشار إليها)
موقع "قاموس علم اشتقاق الألفاظ" يذكر هنا احتمال أن تكون بلوزيام مصدر كلمة بلوزة ويحيل ل Ernest Klein في قاموسه.
